ABSTRACT
The original Finnish language has 13 consonant phonemes /d, h, j, k, l, m, ŋ, n, p, r, s, t, v/ and eight vowel phonemes /a, e, i, o, u, y, æ, œ/. The consonant /d/ was introduced into standard Finnish only in the 19th century by using the written letter d, earlier pronounced as a voiced dental spirant (ð). It is not part of the phonemic system of the Finnish dialects. A few other consonant phonemes /b, g, f/ are used in loan-words.
