ABSTRACT
In any organisation of significant size, a system of budgeting is essential and all HEIs will operate some system of budgeting and budgetary control. However, a budgeting system should not just be seen as a narrow instrument of financial control operated by the finance director to constrain overall expenditure within set limits, but should also be seen as a key element of management which aims:
to improve the overall performance of an organisation in terms of the quantity, quality and cost of services delivered;
to show how plans for change are to be implemented.
