Investigations

The extent of further investigation in COPD

depends on the disease stage. Initial detection

and assessment of severity depend on

respiratory function, primarily spirometry.

The place of the chest radiograph is largely to

rule out other respiratory problems,

particularly carcinoma of the bronchus in this

high-risk group. In milder cases, no other

investigations may be necessary. In more

severe COPD, it may be appropriate to assess

oxygen saturation or blood gases. Repeat

investigations and other tests may well be

appropriate in exacerbations, particularly if

these are severe. Investigations include:

• Respiratory function tests;

• Radiology;

• Nuclear medicine;

• Blood gases, pulse oximetry;

• Electrocardiogram, echocardiography;

• Assessing quality of life;

• Assessing fitness for flying.