ABSTRACT
As far as general principles go, then, the issue between animals and the rest of the biosphere has grown easier to handle in the last twenty years. Cooperation has become more natural to us, friction less habitual, and that is an undoubted gain for campaigning purposes. But of course it is not the end of our troubles. There is still a great deal of detailed work to be done on genuine, specific clashes of interest. Some of these occur within one of the two causes – between two rival ways of protecting ecosystems, or between the interests of two kinds of animals. But naturally, some also occur at the border, between ecosystems and animals. Indeed there are plenty of these, and we are not likely to get rid of them.
