America, North, History: Figure 2. Horace C.Hovey, father of American speleology. From an 1871 portrait by a photographer named Thompson. William R.Halliday Collection.

doi:10.4324/9780203483855-32

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America, North, History: Figure 2. Horace C.Hovey, father of American speleology. From an 1871 portrait by a photographer named Thompson. William R.Halliday Collection.

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ABSTRACT

In the rebel southern states of the United States, the American Civil War (1861-65) precipitated a renewed wave of exploitation of saltpetre caves, and interest heightened throughout the reunited nation. Notable academic geologists, archaeologists, and biologists like Nathaniel Shaler and A.S.Packard, published landmark reports in 1876 and 1888.