ABSTRACT
This chapter deals with the typical concept of risk assessment as a fundamental basis of environmental management. A general introduction of the risk concept is given in the first part of the chapter and hazard identification is explained. Exposure assessment and risk characterization for human health and ecological exposure are described; also included is a description of environmental monitoring, as well as general information about the fate and exposure models. Special emphasis is given to the study of the dose-response and exposure-response functions and the human health risk characterization for carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risk. Some examples are introduced and different practical problems related to them are given at the end of the chapter.
