ABSTRACT

The short-term effects of shock and edema following brain injury can suggest worse loss of function than occurs long term. Just as with any other part of the body, injury to the brain sets off a cascade of events designed to minimize the damage and start the healing process. The swelling is a defense mechanism, but in the brain can cause an increase in pressure that stops previously undamaged neurons from functioning properly. Unlike peripheral nerves, there is little evidence that neurons in the central nervous system can regenerate. Nevertheless, a number of mechanisms exist to allow the brain to continue to function as normally as possible. One such mechanism is denervation supersensitivity. Another recovery mechanism is collateral sprouting. Most research suggests that recovery tends to be adaptive rather than maladaptive but there is an important role for rehabilitation in shaping functional recovery processes.