ABSTRACT
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Middle distance runners usually contact the ground with the heel and then adopt a heel-mid-foot-toe stance pattern. Most runners (80%) will be heel strikers and they will land on the lateral (outside) edge of the heel. Once the foot has made contact with the ground (in a supinated position) the foot is required to pronate (this occurs at the subtalar joint in the foot). This pronation allows for a shock absorption process. After the foot has reached the maximum pronation point it then undergoes supination in which it forms a rigid lever for toe-off. This is needed so the athlete can push off the ground. This is a normal component of foot function, whether in walking or running. The foot initially pronates then it is required to supinate. This specific biomechanical detail has been identified in section E2 (biomechanical characteristics of running).
