ABSTRACT
Figure 4.1 The floor of the nose on the right side (short arrow). The long arrow points to the inferior aspect of the inferior turbinate
Figure 4.2 The floor of the nose (short arrow) of the left side as it merges with the inferior meatus laterally (long arrow)
non-significant dilated veins. The long arrow points to the septum and the arrowhead to the inferior turbinate
Figure 4.4 The right inferior meatus (short arrow) lateral to the inferior turbinate (long arrow)
inferior meatus. The long arrow points to the inferior tubinate
Figure 4.6 A polypoid degeneration of the posterior tip of the right inferior turbinate (short arrow) narrows the inferior meatus posteriorly but does not narrow the posterior choana. The long arrow points to adenoid tissue in the nasopharynx
Figure 4.7 A Hasner ’s valve (short arrow) seen on the lateral wall of the right inferior meatus. The long arrow points to the inferior turbinate
Figure 4.8 A left Hasner’s valve (short arrow) better seen because of a missing part of the inferior turbinate. The long arrow points to the stump of the turbinate which had been partially resected
be seen when pressure was applied on the lacrimal sac area. This subject had had a total right inferior turbinectomy
Figure 4.10 A tiny opening of the right nasolacrimal duct (short arrow), exposed because the inferior turbinate had been resected. The long arrow points to the middle turbinate
4.10 when external pressure was applied on the lacrimal sac
Figure 4.12 The opening of the right nasolacrimal duct with a missing Hasner’s valve, in the vault of the inferior meatus
Figure 4.13 A bigger right nasolacrimal duct opening, also in the vault of the inferior meatus
Figure 4.14 The opening of a left nasolacrimal duct could be better seen because part of the inferior turbinate had been resected. The long arrow points to the turbinate’s stump and the arrowhead to the septum
duct
Figure 4.16 A left inferior meatal nasoantral window (short arrow) in a patient who had had a partial inferior turbinectomy. Note the air bubble (long arrow) at the opening of the nasolacrimal duct which lies superior to the nasoantral window
Figure 4.17 The looped silicone catheter kept in the nose for 6 months after a right endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy
who had undergone an unsuccessful right dacryocystorhinostomy. The long arrow points to the middle turbinate
Figure 4.19 A spontaneously canalized nasolacrimal connection on the right side (short arrow) in a patient who had undergone a medial maxillectomy for inverted papilloma. Note the fluorescein dye coming through it from the conjunctival sac. The long arrow points to the nasopharynx
