ABSTRACT
This final chapter is to explore how Aristoxenus' ideas developed in later antiquity and thereby to ascertain what role Aristoxenus can claim in the establishment of the science of musicology. Undoubtedly Aristoxenus had the most influence in the field of theory and not in the sociological or historical realm where his ideas were less innovative. In particular the methods developed in the Harmonics established a language and a programme for musicological discussion for the following centuries. Nonetheless, in spite of Aristoxenus' influence, a Pythagorean approach to harmonic science remained dominant throughout antiquity.
