ABSTRACT
Carbon is the predominant constituent of all life forms. The structure, energetics, and functioning of life forms depend on the linkage of carbon with other major elements such as oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. This linkage is provided through long covalent chains and rings, and forms the foundation for many organic molecules associated with carbon in the biosphere. The biogeochemical cycle of carbon involves complex interactions between and within organic and inorganic carbon reservoirs. These interactions have been widely studied by scientists from various disciplines. The focus of research in recent years has been on the role of carbon cycle in regulating carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere and resulting “greenhouse effect.”
