ABSTRACT
The realization, during the last decade, that contaminant mass removal efficiencies, in addition to containment, can be significantly enhanced via various in situ technologies has led to the necessity of refining and improving these reactive processes. While it can be argued that the initial motive for developing the various modes of in situ applications has been one of saving money, the end result is much quicker cleanup times to more acceptable cleanup levels (Figure 4.1). This win-win situation for the entire remediation industry fostered continuous innovation, which led to (1) faster, cheaper solutions, (2) less-invasive in situ processes that can be applied within in situ reactive zones, and (3) processes that are also complementary to the natural environment, which took advantage of nature's capacity to degrade the contaminants. Thus holistically, environmentally, and economically sound and sustainable solutions were provided.
