ABSTRACT
Introduction The third foundation of contemporary theory is to be found in the writings of Immanuel Kant (Critique of pure reason, 1781/1968). Kant tried to resolve what he saw as the errors of the other two, rival, foundations. He couldn’t accept that innate conceptual powers could be used to make judgements about reality independently of the content of sense experience. And he couldn’t see how the intuitions in sense experience alone could be a basis for sound judgement. As he put it in a famous passage, “Concepts without intuitions are empty, and intuitions without concepts are blind”. (Kant, 1781/1968, p.73).
