ABSTRACT
The transition from sustained yield of wood from forests to ecological sustainability based on ecosystem management requires expanded data collection to monitor outcomes and an improved toolbox of analytical techniques. Broadening the thematic range of data and spatially explicit analysis is crucial for determining the relative efficacy of protection, management, and restoration by rehabilitation and re-creation of forests. Sustainable forest management is being redefined both in policy and practice as industrial societies transition from sustained yield of timber toward multifunctional ecosystem management (Hunter 1999; Schlaepfer and Elliot 2000) and ecological sustainability (Goodland and Daly 1996; Kennedy et al. 2001). Depending on the country and region, this transition results in some concern for managing forests to provide ecological products and services, such as the maintenance of viable populations (Sjögren-Gulve and Ebenhard 2000), biodiversity (Heywood 1995; Larsson et al. 2001), and protective functions (Kräuchi et al. 2000).
