ABSTRACT
The Institut d’ethnologie, Section V of the EPHE, the Musée de l’Homme, and the EFEO were, until shortly before the Second World War, the only centres of anthropology teaching and research in France. This changed in 1938 with the creation of three new institutions: the Centre national de recherche scientifique (National Centre for Scientific Research) (CNRS), the Institut français d’Afrique noire (French Institute for Black Africa) (IFAN), the Office de la recherche scientifique et technique d’Outre-mer (Bureau for Overseas Scientific and Technical Research) (ORSTOM). These organizations won for anthropologists a new status, opening up possibilities not just for more expeditions, but also for lengthier periods of fieldwork in farflung locations. To complement the teaching provided by the Institut d’ethnologie, A. Leroi-Gourhan in 1946–1947 created the Centre de formation à la recherche ethnologique (Training Centre for Ethnological Research) (CFRE), which admitted students with a licence including a certificate awarded by the Institut d’ethnologie. Such certificates could be obtained at the Sorbonne, where M. Griaule occupied the ethnography chair. Chairs and senior lectureships in ethnology were also established at Lyon (1945), Bordeaux (1953), Montpellier (1957), Strasbourg (1960), and Nice (1965).
