ABSTRACT
Clynes defined Cybernetic organisms (also known as “cyborgs,” “borgs,” and somewhat as “posthumans”) by way of a synergy between human and machine such that operation of the machine does not require conscious thought or effort on the part of the human (Clynes and Kline, 1960). The theory of Humanistic Intelligence (HI) makes this concept more precise, and focuses on machines of an informatic nature (Mann, 1988a). HI is defined as intelligence that arises from the human being (being) in the feedback loop of a computational process in which the human and computer are inextricably intertwined. This inextricability usually requires the existence of some form of body-borne computer. When a body-borne computer functions in a successful embodiment of HI, the computer uses the human’s mind and body as one of its peripherals, just as the human uses the computer as a peripheral. This reciprocal relationship, where each uses the other in its feedback loop, is necessary for a successful implementation of HI. This theory is in sharp contrast to many goals of Artificial Intelligence (AI) where the computer replaces or emulates human intelligence.
