ABSTRACT
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................3 Manipulation Under Anesthesia: Historical Considerations .............................................................3 References ..........................................................................................................................................7
In the past, if patients were not responding to standard conservative manual/manipulative care, whether manually or in combination with physiotherapy, but were candidates for more extensive physical medicine and/or manipulations, they were referred out for orthopedic or neurological followup. Regretting that transfer as a failure, but without much, if any, recourse, we aligned ourselves with practitioners who would recognize the value of manipulative care, but were able to offer pharmacological intervention or other invasive techniques as an adjunct to what we were not able to provide the patient.
