ABSTRACT
Early, smaller-scale studies A number of examples of earlier studies on the offspring of cancer survivors are described first. Most of these studies typically enroled small numbers of survivors of many types of childhood cancer, and surveillance and reporting bias were not adequately controlled. Together, these studies showed little or no increase in birth defects, cancer or genetic disease in the offspring of cancer survivors; however, methodological problems including small sample size made it difficult to draw firm conclusions.
