ABSTRACT
Many work situations require postures which have to be maintained for a long period of time (e.g., machine operation, assembly work, VDU work). Forty-two percent of European workers adopt uncomfortable working postures for more than two hours a day (Paoli, 1992). This is illustrated in Figure 12.1. Depending on the position, of the load, the posture and the duration of holding the posture, there is a risk of acute discomfort and long-term health effects (musculoskeletal disorders) (Keyserling et al., 1988; Kilbom, 1988; Genaidy and Karwowski, 1993; Putz-Anderson and Galinsky, 1993). The percentage of workers on sick leave or unfit for work due to musculoskeletal disorders is enormous. This elicits the development of preventive programs.
