ABSTRACT
Today, millions of dollars are being spent on research and development work. Individuals, isolated research teams, and large-scale laboratories are working toward the development of new ideas and methods. When such large sums of money and numbers of people are concerned, the sound formulation of objectives and careful evaluation of progress toward these objectives become of increasing importance. However, the formulation of objectives and the evaluation of performance in the research and development field have involved so many intangibles that the evolution of useful guidelines has proved to be most difficult.
