ABSTRACT
The art and science of midwifery are characterized by these hallmarks:
Recognition of pregnancy, birth, and menopause as normal physiologic and developmental processes
Advocacy of non-intervention in the absence of complications
Incorporation of scientific evidence into clinical practice
Promotion of family-centered care
Empowerment of women as partners in health care
Facilitation of healthy family and interpersonal relationships
Promotion of continuity of care
Health promotion, disease prevention, and health education
Promotion of a public health care perspective
Care to vulnerable populations
Advocacy for informed choice, shared decision making, and the right to self-determination
Cultural competence
Familiarity with common complementary and alternative therapies
Skillful communication, guidance, and counseling
Therapeutic value of human presence
Collaboration with other members of the health-care team
