ABSTRACT
Games are inherently of a social nature. Chess or checkers were designed to be experienced not only with the game itself, but also with others. On the other hand, video games are inherently of a solitary nature. Since the beginning, the story of games was attached to the specificity of putting the machine in the place of the opponent. A.S. Douglas’ (1954) PhD thesis on human–machine interaction from the University of Cambridge was to prove that an algorithm could be built that would be able to respond in a similar manner to human-to-human play. 1 Even with Pong, the beauty of it was that we could be alone at home and still play the game against the machine.
