ABSTRACT
Retailing is now an international activity.The upsurge, during the last two decades of the twentieth century, in the internationalization of retailing came after several centuries in which international activity by retailers was exceptional. International activity in retailing is evident in many ways: in the sourcing of goods for resale, the operation of shops, the use of foreign labour, the adoption of foreign ideas and the use of foreign capital. In all respects there has been both an increase in the volume of international activity and a widening of the spatial reach of international activity.
