ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION The advent of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) has revolutionized the management of azoospermia. Previously, the only options for treating azoospermia were microsurgery (which could be performed only in some cases) or donor insemination. Now, ICSI enables most azoospermic men to become biological fathers, provided some sperm can be obtained from their epididymis or testis. Several studies have confirmed that the pregnancy rates with ICSI are the same whether ejaculated, epididymal or testicular sperm are used.1 Many methods of sperm retrieval have been described. In this review we will discuss each method, analyze its advantages and disadvantages, and highlight the author’s preferred methods.
