Honorifics (keigo)

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( ) Exalting words are primarily used for one’s out-group members, and humbling words for oneself and one’s in-group members.

( ) The polite prefix o- is always attached to Japanese native words, and go- to words of Chinese origin, but neither is attached to loan words

from Western languages.

( ) Speaking to one’s teacher and one’s superiors at work, it is common to switch from formal style (e.g. sou desu ka) to informal style (e.g. sou ka) when they become close after years of acquaintance.

( ) With beautifying words, o- and go- are used even when referring to one’s own belongings and actions.

( ) One type of humbling verb implies that the speaker’s action involves the addressee(s) or another social superior (e.g. mooshi-ageru ‘say’), while the other type (e.g. moosu ‘say’) does not.

( ) From the speaker’s perspective, the in-group/out-group membership of a referent does not change no matter whom the addressee may be.

( ) The exalting form, -(r)areru, is popular especially among young people nowadays.

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Write exalting expressions for the following in the -(r)areru form.

 ①はなす hanasu ‘talk’ __; ② くる kuru ‘come’ __; ③ する suru ‘do’ __; ④ まつ matsu ‘wait’ __; ⑤ でる deru ‘leave’ __; ⑥ はらう harau ‘pay’ __; ⑦ けんきゅうする kenkyuu suru ‘research’ __;_;

(B)

Write the exalting expression in the o- (or go-) verb ni naru form.

 ① はなす hanasu ‘talk’ __; ② きく kiku ‘listen’ __; ③ かりる kariru ‘borrow’ __; ④ まつ matsu ‘wait’ __; ⑤ とる toru ‘take’ __; ⑥ うける ukeru ‘receive’ __; ⑦ しゅっせきする shusseki suru ‘attend’ __;_

(C)

Write the special exalting form.

いう iu ‘say’ __; ② ねる neru ‘sleep, go to bed’ __; ③ する suru ‘do’ __; ④ くる kuru ‘come’ __; ⑤ いる iru ‘be, stay’ __; ⑥ くれる kureru ‘give (me)’ __; ⑦ 知っている shitte iru ‘know’ ___です desu

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