ABSTRACT
Significant though he is in the history of modern psychology, Wundt was, of course, not the only important psychologist at the end of the 19th century. Three of Wundt’s contemporaries were making their own independent way and attracting students, although they did not have quite the influence Wundt had. These men were Franz Brentano, Carl Stumpf, and G. E. Müller. Two nonpsychologists of the time also had a profound impact on later psychology: the physiologist Ewald Hering and the physicist Ernst Mach. Wundt’s student Oswald Külpe has already been mentioned, and then there was the quiet and independent Hermann Ebbinghaus, who also has been briefly referenced. In England, the versatile Sir Francis Galton was helping to lay the foundations for a psychology of individual differences and of behavioral genetics, which was to become a major focus of research starting in the middle of the 20th century. Stirrings were also beginning in the United States, but consideration of those developments is left for the next chapter.
