ABSTRACT

Although the five trends from science left their impress on later psychology, the contributions of philosophy to the emerging independent discipline were no less marked. Indeed, in the first third of the 20th century, psychology was still typically taught in departments of philosophy. Although the trends from science largely concern a collection of facts and discoveries, with empirical investigation, mathematical thinking, and a set of popular research areas dominating the Zeitgeist, those from philosophy are more a series of significant fundamental problems, with various different answers and occasional reformulations of the problems proposed by successive philosophers. Each of the three trends-critical empiricism, associationism, and scientific materialism-had a profound influence on psychology, so each one will be considered briefly here in turn.