ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on some of the main features of proteins and discusses those roles that are of particular importance for the dynamic functioning of biological systems. It begins with some chemical properties and the assembly of proteins according to the building instructions provided in the genome. A good starting point for exploring the known properties of a protein is the Human Protein Atlas. Given the enormous distribution and versatility of proteins, it is not surprising that intense research efforts are ongoing at all levels, from protein chemistry to the dynamics of interacting protein systems. A good start to identifying proteins, and to comparing and discerning two similar tissues or protein systems, for instance in the characterization of cancer cells, is one- or two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. To serve their specific functions, proteins must be in the correct location within a cell or tissue. Proteins are drivers of dynamic activities at many temporal and spatial scales.
