ABSTRACT
Metals and metalloids in water have infinite lifetimes representing nowadays one of the most important environmental problems. The use of iron-based nanoparticles (NPs) (nFe), as zerovalent iron (nZVI), or iron oxides (nFeOx) has proved to be a promising technology for the removal of a wide range of pollutants, including metals and metalloids in water. Only for nZVI, more than 12 reviews on the synthesis and use of nZVI are available. This chapter describes the main removal mechanisms, material capacity, and reaction kinetics for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), inorganic arsenate (As(V))/arsenite (As(III)), and uranium (U(VI)). Among all chromium species, Cr(VI) presents the highest environmental threat. Iron-based nanomaterials constitute one of the most promising technologies for Cr(VI) removal from water. Chronic ingestion of arsenic present in groundwater can lead to different types of cancer, neurological and cardiovascular diseases, and perinatal conditions. Uranium is present in the environment because of leaching from natural mineral deposits and as result of industrial activities, mainly nuclear applications.
