ABSTRACT
19.a.1. Degenhardt, K. H. and Seitner, C. A., Rauchen und Schwangerschaft (Smoking and pregnancy), Medizin. Klin., 71, 1923—1927, 1976. Smokers who stop smoking prior to the fourth month of pregnancy will give birth to children that weigh the same as those born to nonsmokers. Fetal breathing movements are affected by maternal smoking. Paternal smoking affects perinatal mortality rates and malformation rates due to effects of smoking on spermatogenesis. Nicotine causes malformation of the chorda dorsalis in the chick embryo. Congenital spinal defects occur in children of fathers who smoke for the same reason as occurs in the chick.
