ABSTRACT
21.a.1. Abel, E. L., Smoking during pregnancy: a review of effects on growth and development of offspring, Hum. Biol., 52, 593—625, 1980. Review of the effects of smoking during pregnancy. Smoking during pregnancy is associated with pre- and postnatal growth retardation and increased risks of placental anomalies and postnatal morbidity. Smoking produces this effect by causing fetal hypoxia which adversely affects state regulating mechanisms and inhibits growth processes.
