ABSTRACT
Electrochemical separation processes are supported by a large literature base of theoretical and experimental work. Theoretical modeling of electrochemical cells allows for process optimization, and existing experimental data reduce the need for excessive process screening. This chapter provides an overview of electrochemical processes for separations, demonstrated applications, and emerging technologies for near-term applications. The techniques include electropolishing, electrodeposition, electrochemical ion exchange, transuranic dissolution, organic destruction, and nitrate destruction. Direct electron-transfer reactions occur at the electrode or electrolyte interface. Indirect electron transfer occurs by way of a catalytic or intermediate electroactive species. Electropolishing is commonly practiced in industry and is used in the nuclear field to decontaminate metal surfaces. In this process, a metal surface is corroded or oxidized until the contaminated material is dissolved into solution, leaving a clean surface. Electrochemical ion exchange was originally developed by researchers in the United Kingdom and focused on radioactive waste applications in the nuclear industry.
