ABSTRACT
In situ test methods provide the most representative characterization of groundwater transport phenomena. Geophysical methods (§3.3.1) can be of exceptional importance, but their application may be limited by geologic, land-use, or regulatory constraints. Therefore, tracer methods which utilize either the undisturbed flow field (§3.3.2), a flow field influenced by pumping or injection (§3.3.3), or a flow field involving groundwater recharge (§3.3.4) often occupy center stage in field-scale tests. The reliability of parameter estimates obtained by various in situ methods is final qualitatively assessed in this chapter (§3.3.5).
