ABSTRACT

This chapter aims to cultivate cosmopolitan citizens with the awareness, tolerance, literacy, and competence of addressing the complexities, conflicts, and violence in the contemporary transnational world. The formation of contemporary world citizens requires individuals to help students and the public to become genuine world citizens, an ideal educational state. The transnational interaction and learning process then gradually shapes the subjects into world citizens with transnational literacy on each other's epistemology, ideology, and rhetoric from learning from each other's identities, media, and technology. Transnational rhetorical studies started with transnational feminist rhetoric with networking arguments that investigate how women's lives are shaped by policy arguments. Contrastive rhetoric belongs to research on English as a second language and English as a foreign language in that it focuses on how a human being's first language and culture interfere with his or her writing in a second or foreign language.