ABSTRACT
Zoologists, ethologists, veterinarians and psychologists have repeatedly catalogued animal behavioural disorders caused by inadequate quartering, by accidents of nature, by abrupt changes in physical and social surroundings, and by loneliness. Such disorders have been extensively investigated in field and laboratory studies of isolation-rearing and mother-infant separation in several species of monkey, breeds of dogs, chimpanzees, and cattle. Ways of raising human children have particularly interested behaviourists and psychoanalysts; behaviourists because poor rearing practices cause disorders of learning, psychoanalysts because inadequate mothering causes disorders of personality and even death. Since the initial preference studies, many rearing practices involving various degrees of social and perceptual isolation have produced unnatural or pathological behaviours in monkeys. Infant monkeys are separated in infancy from their mothers, but not from their peers. This is called together-together rearing. The offspring themselves are hyperaggressive, which is one of the few characteristics of impoverished rearing not overcome when infant monkeys subsequently mix with normal peers.
