ABSTRACT
This chapter provides a discussion on a number of bioremediation technologies applicable to the various subsurface compartments into which contaminants are distributed. It discusses the processes which drive these remediation technologies in depth along with the attributes which direct their applicability and limitations according to the phases into which the contaminants have partitioned. The chapter discusses in-situ remediation systems, air sparging and bioventing, use of electron acceptors alternate to oxygen, natural bioremediation, and the introduction of organisms into the subsurface. It also focuses on the contaminants of petroleum hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvents. Bioremediation of excavated soil, unsaturated soil, or ground water involves the use of microorganisms to convert contaminants to less harmful species in order to remediate contaminated sites. Biological degradation tests demonstrated that in-situ bioremediation could reduce levels of hydrocarbons in aquifers, and provided considerable information concerning the processes which take place and the requirements necessary to drive these processes.
