ABSTRACT
'Environment', could be said to go beyond the mere locational definition that a purely literal reading of the word might entail, and consider broader aspects of relationship between elements in a complex system, which should be a concept not unfamiliar to those involved in aviation. Organizations like International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and International Air Transport Association (IATA) have concentrated their efforts with regard to lowering environmental impact of aviation in areas such as aircraft technology, operational, Air Traffic Management (ATM) improvements and feasibility of alternative fuels. A subsidiary part of UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is Kyoto Protocol, which was created in Kyoto, Japan. It is an international agreement that sets binding targets for nations to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Under the Protocol, countries must meet targets primarily through national measures, though it does outline an additional three market-based methods by which targets may be met, namely: emissions trading, the clean development mechanism and joint implementation.
