ABSTRACT

9.1. There are a great many substantives which were originally adjectives (or participles), but which cannot be called substantivized adjectives from the point of view of actual speech-instinct. These include not only those which cannot any longer be used as adjectives, e.g. tithe (OE teogoðda 'tenth'), friend, fiend (old participles of verbs meaning "to love, to hate"), Orient, Occident, fact (from Latin participles), but also many which can still be used as adjectives, if the substantive is now felt to be the "original word", from which the adjective is felt to be derived, or if the word has developed two more or less differentiated significations, according as it is used as sb or as adj. As examples may serve light. right. half. novel. subject. object. particular . infant. captive. secret. ideal. motive.