ABSTRACT

THE preceding chapters have discussed in very global terms the applicability of Wirth's theory to societies containing cities. This chapter maintains the emphasis on urban-industrial societies, but moves to a lower level of abstraction, concentrating on bureaucracy as a pattern of organization within 9. society. We are not concerned here primarily with 'patrimonial bureaucracy', which is found mainly in pre-industrial societies-although the Nazi bureaucracy1 had many features of the patrimonial type : office-holding was dependent on loyalty to a person; authority rested on the whim of the chief; security and promotion were dependent on favour rather than skill or length of service ; and spheres of resDonsibility were iIl-defined, determined mainly by successful encroacnment and temporary favouritism.