ABSTRACT
Toxaphene is a mixture of more than 175-179 components produced by chlorination of camphene. It has been used extensively as a pesticide on cotton as well as other crops. Toxaphene is released into the environment primarily from its application as an insecticide for the protection of cotton, mostly in southern states. Half-life of approximately 4-5 days for reaction of vapor phase toxaphene components with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated. The resistance of toxaphene to biotransformation in aerobic systems has been demonstrated in a microcosm experiment. Monitoring data demonstrates that toxaphene is a contaminant in some air, water, sediment, soil, fish and other aquatic organisms, foods and birds. Major general population exposure to toxaphene will occur through oral consumption of contaminated food. Occupational exposure by dermal and inhalation routes related to the use of toxaphene as an insecticide may be significant in the past.
