ABSTRACT
That we as humans do make errors in thinking, judgement, and memory is undisputed. Yet the very same fact keeps us puzzled: “Many scholars have found it disturbing that humans might have been rational enough to invent probability theory but not rational enough to use it in their daily thought” (Birnbaum, Anderson, & Hynan, 1990, p. 477). It is exactly this discrepancy that makes cognitive illusions so attractive to experts and laymen alike. In fact, there is a plethora of phenomena showing that we deviate in our thinking, judgement, and memory from some objective and “correct” standard.
