ABSTRACT
Private meetings are one of the most commonly used shareholder engagement approaches. One inherent challenge of examining empirically the details of negotiations between shareholders and executives/the board is that these meetings are usually undertaken behind-the-scenes and are not shared with outsiders. Despite this difficulty, such evidence as does exist comes from a variety of sources (1) trade association reports on institutional shareholder engagement; 1 (2) previous academic research 2 and (3) newspaper reports. The following section, based on empirical evidence provided by other scholars or institutions, gives a detailed illustration of how institutional shareholders engaged in private meetings with investee company management.
