ABSTRACT

JA— !Abp‡ Y!–A )AAd b!:A g p…gpg‡A !d: ”‡A ‡pA2\K2 bA…\2‡ Jg… !‡‡A‡‡\dQ YA —A)‡\A‡ gJ ‡u g… A˜!bp_A8 \ Y!‡ )AAd p…gpg‡A: Y! YA —A)‡\A‡ gJ ‡ ‡Yg”_: )A !‡‡A‡‡A: )™ 2gd‡\:A…\dQ !22A‡‡\)\_\™8 \dA…gpA…!)\_\™8 ‡A2”…\™ !d: p…\–!2™8 \dJg…b!\gd …A_\!)\_\™8 ‡A…–\2A !Q\_\™ !d: …!d‡p!…Ad2™u Y\‡ !pp…g!2Y Y!‡ )AAd ”‡A: g A–!_”!A j“Š —A)‡\A‡ \d …!›\_ujB  Y!‡ )AAd J”…YA… p…gpg‡A: Y! 2…\A…\! 2!d )A :\–\:A: \dg —g Q…g”p‡7 \dJg…b!\gd

rd!bA_™8 _\d^‡8 JAA:)!2^ bA2Y!d\‡b‡8 !22A‡‡\)\_\™8 :A‡\Qd !d: d!–\Q!)\_\™su Y\‡ !pp…g!2Y —!‡ ”‡A: g A–!_”!A K–A —A)‡\A‡ gJ A— A!_!d: Qg–A…dbAd Ad\\A‡uje ”…YA…bg…A8 !d [ g–A…d!d2A A…Jg…b!d2A d:A˜8 2gd!\d\dQ eB bA!‡”…A‡8 —!‡ ”‡A: g A–!_”!A b”d\2\p!_ —A)‡\A‡ !…g”d: YA —g…_:u“œ

g—A–A…8 2\\›Ad‡‚ gd_\dA p!…\2\p!\gd \‡ YA _A‡‡ A–!_”!A: 2gd2Ap gJ Qg–A…dbAd —A)‡\A‡‰ gd_™ —g bAYg:‡ \d2_”:A ‡”2Y bA!‡”…A‡ Jg… !‡‡A‡‡\dQ !–!\_!)\_\™ gJ )”__A\d )g!…:‡8 gd_\dA ‡”…–A™‡ !d: pg__‡“j8““ !d: ”\_\›!\gd gJ 2Y!‡8 :\‡2”‡‡\gd Jg…”b‡8 A[bAA\dQ‡ !d: gd_\dA :A2\‡\gd[b!^\dQ bA2Y!d\‡b‡u“‘

__ !Jg…AbAd\gdA: !pp…g!2YA‡ Jg2”‡ gd bA!‡”…\dQ YA ‡”pp_™ ‡\:A gJ —A)‡\A‡u _Yg”QY \ Y!‡ )AAd ‡”QQA‡A: Y! YA :Ab!d: ‡\:A ‡Yg”_: )A Az”!__™ A–!_”!A:8“O \d Y\‡ p!pA… —A …A‡…\2 g”… Jg2”‡ g bA!‡”…\dQ gd_\dA ‡gpY\‡\2!\gd gJ —A)‡\A‡ )™ Abp_g™\dQ bA!‡”…A‡ Y! !…A \d:ApAd:Ad gJ 2_\Ad \d–g_–AbAd YAd2A :g dg ”\_\›A bA…\2‡ ‡”2Y !‡ 2\\›Ad‡‚ !^A[”p8 \bp…g–AbAd gJ ‡‚ AJK2\Ad2™8 A2u

YA b!\d g)]A2\–A gJ Y\‡ p!pA… \‡ —gJg_:u \…‡8 —A A–!_”!A A!…\2\p!\gd gd_\dA ‡gpY\‡\2!\gd gJ …AQ\gd!_ !”Yg…\\A‡‚ —A)‡\A‡ \d …AA2A !d: p!\d g :AA…b\dA Yg— A!…\2\p!\gd \‡ p…gQ…A‡‡\dQ ! YA …AQ\gd!_ _A–A_u g… Y\‡ p”…pg‡A8 —A Ad:g…‡A ! p”)_\‡YA: A–!_”!\gd J…!bA—g…^ Jg… bA!‡”…\dQ gd_\dA ‡gpY\‡\2!\gd gJ ‡‚ —A)‡\A‡u A2gd:8 —A !d!_™‡A gdA Qgg: p…!2\2A 2!‡A ! YA _g2!_ _A–A_ \d A!2Y gJ YA —g 2g”d…\A‡ !d: !Abp g :A…\–A ‡\b\_!…\\A‡ !d: :\JJA…Ad2A‡ \d A!…\2\p!\gd \d\\!\–A‡‚ \bp_AbAd!\gdu ”… !d!_™‡\‡ :…!—‡ 2gd2_”‡\gd‡ gd YA pgAd\!_ gJ …AQ\gd!_ !d: _g2!_ _A–A_ A!…\2\p!\gd8 gd \‡‡”A‡ g !^A \dg 2gd‡\:A…!\gd —YAd :A‡\Qd\dQ A!…\2\p!\gd \d\\!\–A‡ !d: gd _A‡‡gd‡ _A!…du

YA …A‡ gJ Y\‡ p!pA… \‡ g…Q!d\›A: !‡ Jg__g—‡u d YA dA˜ ‡A2\gd —A p…A‡Ad YA bAYg:g_gQ™ Jg__g—A: \d Y\‡ —g…^8 \d2_”:\dQ ! ‡Yg… :A‡2…\p\gd gJ YA A–!_”!\gd J…!bA—g…^ ”‡A: !d: gJ YA Q!YA…A: JAA:)!2^ gd YA _g2!_ 2!‡A‡ !‡ —A__ !‡ YA _\b\!\gd‡ gJ Y\‡ —g…^u YA Y\…: ‡A2\gd p…g–\:A‡ :A!\_A: \dJg…b!\gd gd YA —g 2g”d…\A‡ ”d:A… A˜!b\d!\gdu pA2\K2!__™ \ !::…A‡‡A‡ YA 2g”d…\A‡‚ !:b\d\‡…!\–A :\–\‡\gd8 YA A_A2g…!_ ‡™‡Ab Jg… YA …AQ\gd!_ !d: _g2!_ _A–A_‡ !d: YA pg_\2\A‡ \d Jg…2A …A_A–!d g YA ‡2gpA gJ Y\‡ p!pA…‰ A g–A…dbAd —\Y ! Jg2”‡ gd A!…\2\p!\gd8 !d: \dJg…b!\gd !d: 2gbb”d\2!\gd A2Ydg_gQ™ rsu YAd8 \d YA Jg”…Y ‡A2\gd YA …A‡”_‡ Jg… )gY 2g”d…\A‡ !…A p…A‡AdA:8 K…‡_™ ! …AQ\gd!_ _A–A_ !d: YAd ! _g2!_ _A–A_u \d!__™8 ! :\‡2”‡‡\gd gJ YA …A‡”_‡ )A—AAd YA —g 2g”d…\A‡ \‡ b!:A \d YA KJY ‡A2\gdu YA p!pA… 2gd2_”:A‡ \d YA ‡\˜Y ‡A2\gd —\Y ! ‡”bb!…™ gJ g”… —g…^ !d: :\…A2\gd‡ Jg… J””…A —g…^u

d Y\‡ ‡A2\gd —A A_!)g…!A gd YA bAYg:g_gQ™ Jg__g—A: \d g”… ‡”…–A™u \…‡8 —A \d…g:”2A YA A–!_”!\gd J…!bA—g…^ ”‡A: Jg… bA!‡”…\dQ YA ‡gpY\‡\2!\gd gJ YA …AQ\gd!_ !”Yg…\\A‡‚ —A)‡\A‡ !d: YAd —A A˜p_!\d YA ‡g”…2A‡ gJ YA _g2!_ Qgg: p…!2\2A 2!‡A‡ !d: YA _\b\!\gd‡ g g”… —g…^u

–!_”!\gd …!bA—g…^ Jg… AQ\gd!_ A–A_ !‡A‡

g… A–!_”!\dQ YA A!…\2\p!\gd ‡gpY\‡\2!\gd gJ —A)‡\A‡ gJ …AQ\gd!_ ‡ —A Y!–A !pp_\A: YA J…!bA—g…^ p…gpg‡A: )™ !dgpg”_g” A !_u8“L !d: ‡pA2\K2!__™ YA A!…\2\p!\gd !˜\‡ gJ YA J…!bA—g…^u YA A!…\2\p!\gd !˜\‡ \‡ ‡…”2”…A: )!‡A: gd YA _A–A_‡ gJ p!…\2\p!\gd !d: \d2_”:A‡ Y…AA J!2g…‡8 d!bA_™8 \dJg…b!\gd8 2gd‡”_!\gd !d: !2\–A p!…\2\p!\gd“‹ r!)_A jsu 22g…:\dQ g 8 dJg…b!\gd \‡ ! gdA[—!™ 2Y!ddA_ Y! \dJg…b‡ 2\\›Ad‡ !)g” ! –!…\A™ gJ !–!\_!)_A …A‡g”…2A‡‰ gd‡”_!\gd \‡ ! _\b\A: —g[—!™ 2Y!ddA_‰ —Y\_A 2\–A !…\2\p!\gd \‡ ! bg…A AdY!d2A: —g[—!™ 2Y!ddA_ —YA…A 2\\›Ad‡ Y!–A bg…A pg—A… g–A… pg_\2™ Jg…b”_!\gdu

g… !‡‡A‡‡\dQ YA J…!bA—g…^ J!2g…‡—A Abp_g™ g–A…!__ ‡\˜ :\JJA…AdbA…\2‡u g… YA \dJg…b!\gd J!2g… —A Abp_g™ ! bA…\2 bA!‡”…\dQ YA !–!\_!)\_\™ gJ gd_\dA pg_\2™ :g2”bAd‡ !d: YA pg_\2™ _A–A_ YA‡A :g2”bAd‡ …AJA… gu A :\JJA…Ad\!A )A—AAd )!‡\2 :g2”bAd‡ rb\d”A‡ !d: :A2\‡\gd‡ gJ 2g”d2\_ bAA\dQ‡s8 bA:\”b[ _A–A_ :g2”bAd‡ r)!‡\2 :g2”bAd‡ p_”‡ 2g”d2\_ !ddg”d2AbAd‡s !d: Y\QY[_A–A_ :g2”bAd‡ rbA:\”b[_A–A_ :g2”bAd‡ p_”‡ :\JJA…Ad ‡”:\A‡8 AuQu8 Kd!d2\!_ !d: _!d:[p_!dd\dQ ‡”:\A‡su g… !‡‡A‡‡\dQ YA 2gd‡”_!\gd J!2g… —A Abp_g™ ! bA…\2 bA!‡”…\dQ YA !–!\_!)\_\™ gJ A_A2…gd\2 2gd‡”_!\gd‡ gd YA —A)‡\Au \d!__™8 p_A‡A !^A \d p Bœ [ ! J…!b K_A Jg… !‡‡A‡‡\dQ YA !2\–A p!…\2\p!\gd J!2g… —A Abp_g™ Jg”… :\JJA…AdbA…\2‡u YA‡A …AJA… g YA !–!\_!)\_\™ gJ 2gbb”d\2!\gd gg_‡ r2Y!‡8 )_gQ‡ !d:Œg… A[Jg…”b‡s !d: :A2\‡\gd[b!^\dQ gg_‡ rA[pg__‡s8 !d: g YA !)\_\™ Jg… 2\\›Ad‡ gp…gpg‡A! gp\2 ! A[Jg…”b‡!d:A[pg__‡ !‡—A__ !‡ Jg… \d2_”‡\gd \d YA !QAd:!gJ YA _g2!_ …Ap…A‡Ad!\–A‡‚ bAA\dQu  \‡ —g…Y dg\dQ YA…A YA :\JJA…Ad2A )A—AAd YA A[ 2gd‡”_!\gd‡bA…\2 !d: YA A[Jg…”b‡bA…\2‰ A[2gd‡”_!\gd‡ …AJA… g YA g…Q!d\›A: \dAd\gd gJ YA g QA 2\\›Ad‡‚ JAA:)!2^ gd ‡pA2\K2 \‡‡”A‡ Abp_g™\dQ :\JJA…Ad gg_‡ !d: A2Yd\z”A‡ rA–Ad A[Jg…”b‡s8 —Y\_A A[Jg…”b‡ !…A …AQ!…:A: !‡ ! _gg‡A… ™pA gJ \dA…!2\gd8 —YA…A )gY !”Yg…\™ pA…‡gddA_ !d: 2\\›Ad‡ b!™ \d\\!A :\JJA…Ad gp\2‡ gJ \dA…A‡ !d: \dA…!2 —\Y A!2Y gYA…u

YA A˜!2 z”A‡\gdd!\…A ”‡A: \‡ p…g–\:A: \d !)_A “u g‡ gJ YA z”A‡\gdd!\…A \Ab‡ !…A :\2Yggbg”‡ !d: —g \Ab‡ ”\_\›A dgb\d!_ ‡2!_A‡ rgdA gJ YAb8 bA…\2 ‘8 !__g—\dQ b”_\p_A ‡A_A2\gdsu

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