ABSTRACT

YA !pp_\2!\gd gJ YA‡A bAYg:‡ \d YA 2”……Ad 2gdA˜ gJ ‡g2\g[A2gdgb\2 …!d‡Jg…b!\gd 2g”p_A: —\Y !)…”p 2Y!dQA‡ :”A g A2Ydg_gQ\2!_ \ddg–!\gd8 Q_g)!_\›!\gd !d: …A2Ad Kd!d2\!_ 2…\‡\‡ 2gd…\)”A: g YA 2…A!\gd gJ ! ‡g… gJ ‡”‡p\2\g”‡dA‡‡‚ !)g” p_!dd\dQ !d: p…gQ…!bb\dQ !2\–\\A‡u _!d‡ Jg__g—\dQ ‡”2Y !‡‡”bp\gd‡ )!‡A: YA\… ‡”22A‡‡ gd ! J!\YJ”_ A˜A2”\gd gJ p_!dd\dQ \d‡…”bAd‡8“ )” YA A˜…AbA b”!)\_\™ gJ g:!™‚‡ ‡g2\g[A2gdgb\2 2gdA˜‡ b!™ _A!: g YA …\‡^ gJ :\‡2”‡‡\dQ gd2A !Q!\d YA _g2!\gd 2Yg\2A‡ b!:A b!d™ ™A!…‡ )AJg…Au

d YA p…A‡Ad —g…^8 —A ”‡A YA p…gQ…!bb\dQ‚ A…b g :AdgA !__ Qg–A…dbAd gg_‡ …AQ”_!\dQ YA p”)_\2 A2gdgb\2 \d–A‡bAd‡ Jg… _g2!_ :A–A_gpbAdu d p!…\2”_!…8 —A 2gd‡\:A…A: YA Y\A…!…2Y™ gJ \dA…–Ad\gd gg_‡ ! :\JJA…Ad ‡2!_A‡ p…gbgA: )™ pg_\2\A‡ \d :\JJA…Ad ‡A2g…‡7 …AQ\gd!_ 2gd–A…QAd2A8 Ad–\…gdbAd8 A:”2!\gd8 ‡g2\!_ 2!p\!_8 A2u d g”… gp\d\gd8 YA p…gQ…!bbA \‡ ! p!…\2”_!… p!… gJ p_!dd\dQ !2\–\\A‡ 2gddA2A: bg…A g A2gdgb\2 …A‡g”…2A b!d!QAbAd Y!d g pY™‡\2!_ A……\g…\!_ :\bAd‡\gd‡u …gQ…!bb\dQ !2\–\\A‡ \dM”Ad2A A……\g…\!_ p_!dd\dQ ! :\JJA…Ad ‡2!_A‡8 )” !_‡g \bp_AbAd ‡A–A…!_ !2\gd‡ dg :\…A2_™ 2gddA2A: g A……\g…\!_ …!d‡Jg…b!\gd‡u g… Y\‡ …A!‡gd8 \ \‡ …A_A–!d g :\‡\dQ”\‡Y )A—AAd YA —g A…b‡u

\d2A YA je‹œ‡8 :\JJA…Ad !pp…g!2YA‡ g ‡…!AQ\2 p_!dd\dQ Y!–A )AAd YAg…\›A:u YA b!\d :\JJA…Ad2A 2!d )A Jg”d: \d ! ‡g… gJ …!d‡\\gd J…gb ! p”…A_™ gp[:g—d !pp…g!2Y g ! …A\2”_!… \dA…!2\–A‚ gdA8 —YA…A YA ^dg—_A:QA !d: \b!Q\d!\gd gJ ‡g2\A™ p_!™ ! J”d:!bAd!_ …g_A \d g…:A… g :\‡2g–A… :A‡\…!)_A ‡2Ad!…\g‡u‘ ”2Y :\JJA…Ad2A‡ :AKdA Y…AA b!]g… J!b\_\A‡ gJ ‡…!AQ\2

!pp…g!2Y g p_!dd\dQu d YA jeBœ‡8 ! ‡Yg…[A…b !pp…g!2Y g ‡…!AQ\2 p_!dd\dQ —!‡ !:gpA:u  —!‡ )!‡A: gd 2g…pg…!A p_!dd\dQ8 \bp_™\dQ ! p…!Qb!\2 )AY!–\g”… —Y\2Y b!™ _A!: g ! ‡…gdQ A……\g…\!_ :A…AQ”_!\gdu d YA jeeœ‡8 ! …A\2”_!… !d: –\‡\gd!…™ !pp…g!2Y g ‡…!AQ\2 p_!dd\dQ —!‡ ”‡A:u 22g…:\dQ g !…–!…:L !d: \ddA‡g! bg:A_‡8‹ !d!_™‡\‡ p_!™‡ ! 2Ad…!_ …g_A \d g…:A… g A˜!b\dA \dA…d!_ !d: A˜A…d!_ Ad–\…gdbAd‡8Š p…g:”2\dQ !_‡g ! ‡!^AYg_:A… !d!_™‡\‡ 2gd‡\:A…\dQ g…Q!d\›!\gd‡8 Q…g”p‡8 pA…‡gd‡ !d: !__ 2\\›Ad‡8 —Yg 2!d Y!–A ! ^A™ \dM”Ad2A gd ‡…!AQ\2 p…g2A‡‡A‡u YA… \bpg…!d !‡pA2‡ gJ Y\‡ J!b\_™ gJ ‡…!AQ\2 p_!d‡ !…A7

> YA :A–A_gpbAd gJ ! –\‡\gd Jg… YA J””…A‰ > YA \:Ad\K2!\gd gJ QAdA…!_ Qg!_‡ !d: ‡pA2\K2 g)]A2\–A‡‰ > YA :AKd\\gd gJ ‡…!AQ\A‡ rYg— YA™ !2”!__™ J”_K_ Qg!_‡ !d: g)]A2\–A‡s‰ > YA A–!_”!\gd gJ YA p…gQ…A‡‡ gJ YA !2\gd \bp_AbAd!\gd gJ ‡…!AQ\A‡u

Y\‡ J!b\_™ 2gd‡\:A…‡ ‡…!AQ\2 p_!dd\dQ !‡ ! Jg…b gJ Qg–A…d!d2A \bp_AbAd[ !\gdu Y\‡ 2gd2Ap …Ap…A‡Ad‡ ! dA— !pp…g!2Y g p”)_\2 !:b\d\‡…!\gdu YA…A Y!‡ )AAd ! …!d‡\\gd J…gb !d !pp…g!2Y )!‡A: gd :\…A2 !2\gd r g–A…dbAds8 —YA…A YA g2!_ ”Yg…\™ 2gd…\)”A‡ :\…A2_™ g p…g)_Ab ‡g_”\gd8 g !dgYA… !pp…g!2Y —YA…A YA g2!_ ”Yg…\™ Ad:‡ g b!d!QA YA p…g2A‡‡ r g–A…d!d2As8B —YA…A YA !:b\d\‡…!\gd b!^A‡ pg‡‡\)_A !d: J!2\_\!A‡ ! ‡A!…2Y Jg… :\JJA…Ad ‡g_”\gd‡8 \d 2ggpA…!\gd !d: !Q…AAbAd —\Y gYA… p”)_\2 !d: p…\–!A ‡”)]A2‡ue )–\g”‡_™8 \d 2!‡A gJ 2Y!dQ\dQ 2gdA˜‡8 \A…!\–A p…g2A‡‡A‡ !…A pg‡‡\)_A !d: MA˜\)\_\™ \‡ !_‡g 2…”2\!_ g !–g\: )”…A!”2…!\›!\gdu YA …A\2”_!…‚ A…b bA!d‡ Y! YA ‡…!AQ\2 p_!d 2!ddg )A \bp_AbAdA: gd_™ )™ ! ‡\dQ_A _g2!_ !”Yg…\™8 )” )™ ! Q…g”p gJ :\JJA…Ad _A–A_‡ gJ p”)_\2 !:b\d\‡…!\gd‡ r)A YA™ A_A2A: )™ 2\\›Ad‡ g… dgsu Y\‡ A…b bA!d‡ !_‡g Y! YA…A \‡ YA —\:A‡ pg‡‡\)_A \d–g_–AbAd gJ !__ pgAd\!_ ‡!^AYg_:A…‡ \d g…:A… g !–g\: pg‡‡\)_A 2gdM\2‡ —Y\2Y 2g”_: ‡!__ YA —Yg_A p…g2A‡‡ !d:8 !)g–A !__8 g 2…A!A ! )…g!: !d: ‡Y!…A: p_!dd\dQ –\‡\gdu \‡\gd\dQ 2gd2A…d‡ dg gd_™ !2g…‡8 —Yg 2!d )A …Ap…A‡AdA: )™ \d‡\”\gd‡8 )” \ !_‡g 2gd‡\:A…‡ YA pg‡‡\)\_\™ Y! 2g__A2\–A ^dg—_A:QA !d: \b!Q\d!\gd b!™ ‡\b”_!A ! ‡A!…2Y Jg… gp\b!_ ‡g_”\gd‡u ”2Y \dA…!2\–\™8 !\b\dQ ! ! —\:A ‡!^AYg_:A… \d–g_–AbAd8 \‡ ”d:g”)A:_™ :\JK2”_ g !2Y\A–A ”‡\dQ …!:\\gd!_ p!…\2\p!\gdu g—!:!™‡8 ! _g gJ ‡”22A‡‡J”_ \d\\!\–A‡ Y!–A )AAd :A–A_gpA:8 !:gp\dQ YA ‡Y!…A‚ A…b !‡ !d \bpA…!\–Au YA‡A pg‡\\–A A˜pA…\Ad2A‡ )!‡A: gd b!‡‡ 2g__!)g…!\gd

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YA‡A z”A‡\gd‡ —A…A !^Ad \dg !22g”d \d !…bg _!!dgEA_!d:…g A……\g…\!_ dAQ…!A: …g]A2‡ r‡su !…bg _!!dgEA_!d:…g \‡ !d !…A! —\Y Y\QY pgAd\!_ \d YA dg…Y[—A‡A…d p!… gJ !‡\_\2!! AQ\gd r!_™s8 \d2_”:\dQ jL b”d\2\p!_\\A‡ !d: —g 2gd‡g…\”b‡ gJ 2gbb”dA‡ \d bg”d!\d !…A!‡u ‡ !…A _g2!_ g…Q!d\›!\gd‡ …A‡pgd‡\)_A Jg… YA !22gbp_\‡YbAd gJ AQ\gd!_ pA…!\gd!_ …gQ…!b‡ rs \d !_\!d )]A2\–A j …AQ\gd‡ !d: Jg… YA A_!)g…!\gd gJ 2gbbgd !d: ‡Y!…A: ‡…!AQ\A‡ Jg… _g2!_ :A–A_gpbAdu YA\… b!]g… g)]A2\–A —!‡ YA :A–A_gpbAd gJ ‡™dA…Q\A‡ !d: ‡2!_A A2gdgb\A‡ \d ! b”_\[‡2!_!… pA…‡pA2\–A gJ Qg–A…d!d2A J!–g”…\dQ Q…g”p‡ gJ b”d\2\p!_\\A‡u dJg…”d!A_™8 —\Yg” !d™ :g”)8 ‡ …Ap…A‡Ad ! )\Q b\‡‡A: gppg…”d\™ g !pp_™ ‡…!AQ\2 p_!dd\dQ p…\d2\p_A‡8 !‡ pg_\\2!_ !d: )”…A!”2…!\2 g)‡!2_A‡ …!d‡Jg…bA: !d \d‡…”bAd —\Y Q…A! pgAd\!_ \d ! ‡\bp_A ‡”b gJ p…g]A2‡ p…gpg‡A: )™ b”d\2\p!_\\A‡ —\Yg” !d™ Jg…b gJ A–!_”!\gdujO !…\2\p!g…™ !d: –\‡\gd\dQ pY!‡A‡ —A…A 2gbp_AA_™ \Qdg…A:8 Yg”QY YA p…gQ…!bbA ‡p!ddA: Jg… K–A ™A!…‡8 !d: YA !d!_™\2!_ pY!‡A8 \d bg‡ 2!‡A‡8 …Ap…A‡AdA: ! ‡g… gJ ]”‡\K2!\gd Jg… !_…A!:™ :A2\:A: \dA…–Ad\gd‡u

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2gd‡\:A…\dQ YA _A‡‡gd‡ _A!…dA: J…gb “œœœ g “œœ‹ …AQ\gd!_ pg_\2\A‡u

…gQ…!bb\dQ g2”bAd‡ !d: p!\!_ dJg…b!\gd

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