The Routledge Encyclopedia of Mark Twain

Abolition

“About All Kinds of Ships” (1893)

“Adam's Soliloquy” (1923)

“Adventure in Remote Seas, An” (1967)

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885)

“Adventures of Thomas Jefferson Snodgrass, The” (1856–1857)

Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The (1876)

“Advice for Good Little Boys” (1865) and “Advice for Good Little Girls” (1865)

“AGE—A Rubáiyát” (1983)

Ah Sin: The Heathen Chinee (written 1876)

“Aix, the Paradise of the Rheumatics” (1891)

Aix-les-Bains, France

Alcott, Louisa May (1832–1888)

Aldrich, Thomas Bailey (1836–1907)

Allen, Helen

Ament, Joseph

American Bible Society

American Board of Foreign Missions (American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions)

American Claimant, The (1892)

American Publishing Company, The

Anderson, Frederick (1926–1979)

Ange'ls Camp, California

“Angel's Camp Constable” (1981)

Angel Fish and Aquarium Club

Angelo and Luigi (Cappello)

Animals

“Answers to Correspondents” (1865)

Anthony, Susan B. (1820–1906)

Aphorisms

Arnold, Matthew (1822–1888)

“Around the World” Letters (1869–1870)

Art

Arthur, King

“As Concerns Interpreting the Deity” (written 1905)

“As Regards Patriotism” (1923)

Ashcroft, Ralph (d. 1947)

“Ashcroft-Lyon Manuscript” (written 1909)

Athens, Greece

Atlantic Monthly

Auctions

“Aurelia's Unfortunate Young Man” (1864)

Austen, Jane (1775–1817)

Australia

Austria (Austria-Hungary)

Autobiographical Dictations (1885–1909)

Autobiography (1870–1909)

“Autobiography of a Damned Fool” (1967)

“Awful German Language, The” (1880)

Azores

Baalbec

Bacon, Francis (1561–1626)

Baker, Jim

Baldwin, Joseph Glover (1815–1864)

Ball, Charles

Bankruptcy (1894)

Barnum, Phineas Taylor (1810–1891)

Beach, Emeline

Beach, Moses S.

Beard, Daniel Carter (1850–1941)

Beecher, Henry Ward (1813–1887)

Beecher, Julia Jones (1826–1905)

Beecher, Lyman (1775–1863)

Beecher, Thomas Kinnicut (1824–1900)

“Belated Russian Passport, The” (1902)

Belgian Congo

Bellamy, Edward (1850–1898)

Bellows, Henry Whitney (1814–1882)

Berlin, Germany

Bermuda

Bible

“Bible Teaching and Religious Practice” (1923)

Bibliographies

Bierce, Ambrose (1842–1914?)

Billings, Josh (1818–1885)

Biographers (1899–1991)

Bixby, Horace E. (1826–1912)

Blackwood's Magazine

Blaine, Jim

Blair, Walter (1900–)

Blakely, Captain Ned

Blanc, Marie-Thérèse

Blankenship, Thomas Woodson

Bliss, Elisha (1822–1880)

Bliss, Frank

“Bloody Massacre near Carson, A” (1863)

Boer War (1899–1902)

Bowen, Will (1836–1893)

Boxer Rebellion, The (1899–1902)

Boy Books

“Boy's Manuscript” (written ca. 1868)

Breen, H[enry] H[egart] (1835–1882)

Bricksville

Briggs, John

Briggs, Scotty

Brooks, Van Wyck (1886–1963)

Brown, John, M.D. (1810–1882)

Brownell, Edward

Brownell, George Hiram (1875–1950)

Browning, Elizabeth Barrett (1806–1861)

Browning, Robert (1812–1889)

“Buck Fanshaw's Funeral” (1872)

Buffalo, New York

Buffalo Express

Buntline, Ned (1823–1886)

Burke, Edmund (1729–1797)

Burlesque

“Burlesque Autobiography” (1871)

Burlingame, Anson (1820–1870)

“Burning Shame, The”

Burro ugh, J[acob] H. (1825–1883)

Business

Butters, Henry

Cable, George Washington (1844–1925)

California

Californian

“Californian's Tale, The” (1893)

Calvinism

Campbell, Alexander (1788–1866)

Canada

“Cannibalism in the Cars” (1868)

“Canvasser's Tale, The” (1876)

Cap'n Simon Wheeler, the Amateur Detective (1967)

Cardiff Hill

Carlyle, Thomas (1795–1881)

Carnegie, Andrew (1835–1919)

Carpet-Bag

“Carson Fossil-Footprints, The”

Catholicism

Cauchon, Pierre (d. 1442)

“Cecil Rhodes and the Shark' (1897)

“Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County, The” (1865)

Censorship

Century Magazine

Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de (1547–1616)

“Chapters from My Autobiography” (1906–1907)

Chatto and Windus

Childhood

China

Christian Science

Christian Science (1907)

Cincinnati, Ohio

Civil War

Clarence

Clemens, Cyril Coniston (1902–)

Clemens, Henry (1838–1858)

Clemens, Jane Lampton (1803–1890)

Clemens, Jane Lampton [Jean] (1880–1909)

Clemens, John Marshall (1798–1847)

Clemens, Langdon (1870–1872)

Clemens, Mollie Stotts (1834–1904)

Clemens, Olivia Langdon (1845–1904)

Clemens, Olivia Susan (1872–1896)

Clemens, Orion (1825–1897)

Clemens, Samuel Langhome (1835–1910)

Clergy

Cleveland, Grover (1837–1908)

Colonel Sellers (written 1874)

Colonel Sellers as a Scientist (written 1883)

Comic Poses

Comics

Comstock Lode

Concord Public Library

Condensed Novels

Conferences

Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, A (1889)

Conscience

Coon, Ben

Cooper, James Fenimore (1789–1851)

Copyright

Cord, Mary Ann (“Auntie”)

“Corn-Pone Opinions” (1923)

Correspondence (Mark Twain as Letter Writer)

Cosmopolitan

Crane, Susan (1836–1924)

Crane, Theodore W. (1831–1889)

Criticism

Cromwell, Oliver (1599–1658)

Crystal Palace Exhibition (1853–1858)

“Cure for the Blues, A” (1893)

“Curious Dream: Containing a Moral, A” (1870)

“Curious Experience, A”

“Curious Republic of Gondour, The” (1875)

Cutter, Bloodgood Haviland (1817–1906)

“Czar's Soliloquy, The” (1905)

Daggett, Rollin Mallory (1831–1901)

“Damned Human Race, The” (1962)

Dan'l, Uncle

“Dandy Frightening the Squatter, The” (1852)

Darwin, Charles (1809–1883)

Dauphin, Louis XVII, The (1785–1795)

Dawson's Landing

Day, Alice Hooker (1847–1928)

“Day at Niagara, A” (1869)

Deadpan

Death

“Death Disk, The” (1901)

“Defense of General Funston, A” (1902)

De Quille, Dan (1829–1898)

Derby, George H. (1823–1861)

Detective Fiction

Determinism

DeVoto, Bernard Augustine (1897–1955)

Dialect

Dickens, Charles (1812–1870)

Dickinson, Anna Elizabeth (1842–1932)

Disraeli, Benjamin (1804–1881)

“Does the Race of Man Love a Lord?” (1902)

“Dog's Tale, A” (1903)

Dolby, George

Doten, Alfred R. (1829–1903)

“Double-Barreled Detective Story, A” (1902)

Douglas, Widow

Doyle, Arthur Conan (1859–1930)

Dramatist, Mark Twain as

Dreams

Driscoll, Judge York Leicester

Driscoll, Tom

Dublin, New Hampshire

Dueling

Duke and the Dauphin, The

Duncan, Charles C.

Duneka, Frederick A. (d. 1919)

“Early Rising as Regards Excursions to the Cliff House” (1864)

Eastman, Samuel Elijah (d. 1925)

Eddy, Mary Baker (1821–1910)

Edinburgh, Scotland

Edison, Thomas Alva (1847–1931)

Editions

Education

“Edward Mills and George Benton: A Tale” (1880)

Edward VII (1841–1910)

Egypt

Elmira, New York

Elmira College Center for Mark Twain Studies at Quarry Farm (1983–)

Emerson, Ralph Waldo (1803–1882)

“Emperor-God Satire, The” (1972)

“Enchanted Sea-Wilderness, The” (1967)

England

Eseldorf

“Esquimau Maiden's Romance, The” (1893)

Estate of Samuel L. Clemens (1910–1964)

Europe

Europe and Elsewhere (1923)

Eve

“Eve Speaks” (1923)

“Eve's Autobiography” (1962)

“Eve's Diary” (1905)

“Evidence in the Case of Smith vs. Jones, The” (1864)

Evolution

Exaggeration

“Experience of the McWilliamses with Membranous Croup” (1875)

Extract from Captain Stormfied's Visit to Heaven (1909)

“Extract from Methuselah's Diary” (1962)

“Extracts from Adam's Diary” (1893)

“Fable, A” (1909)

“Facts Concerning the Recent Carnival of Crime in Connecticut, The” (1876)

“Facts Concerning the Recent Resignation” (1868)

“Facts in the Case of the Great Beef Contract, The” (1870)

“Facts in the Great Landslide Case, The” (1870)

Fairbanks, Mary Mason (1828–1898)

Family Life (1870–1910)

Fanshaw, Buck

Faux, William (b. 1785)

Fay, Morgan le

Fenians

“Fenimore Cooper's Literary Offenses” (1895)

Fields, James T. (1817–1881)

Finn, Huckleberry

Finn, Pap

Fischer, Theodor

Fiske, Minnie Maddern (Marie Augusta Davey) (1865–1932)

FitzGerald, Edward (1809–1883)

“Five Boons of Life, The” (1902)

Florida, Missouri

Folklore

Following the Equator: A Journey Around the World (1897)

Forgeries

Forty-Four

Forum

Foster, Saladin and Electra

France

Free Man of Color

Freedom

Freemasonry

Free Thought

“French and the Comanches, The” (1962)

French Language

French Revolution

Freud, Sigmund (1856–1939)

Gabrilowitsch, Nina Clemens (1910–1966)

Gabrilowitsch, Ossip (1878–1936)

Gainesboro, Tennessee

Galaxy

“General Grant's Grammar”

Genteel Tradition

German Language

Germany

“Ghost Story, A” (1870)

Gilded Age: A Tale of To-Day, The (1873)

Gillis, James N. (Jim) (1830–1907)

Gillis, Steve (1838–1918)

Gleason, Rachel Brooks, M.D. (1820–1909)

Gluck, James Fraser (1852–1897)

Glyn, Elinor (1864–1943)

God

“Golden Arm, The” (1888)

Golden Era

Goldsmith, Oliver (1728–1774)

“Goldsmith's Friend Abroad Again”

Goodman, Joseph Thompson (1838–1917)

Goodwin, Charles Carroll (1832–1917)

Gorky, Maxim (1868–1936)

Gothic

Government

Grangerfords, The

Grant, Ulysses Simpson (1822–1885)

“Great Dark, The” (1962)

“Great Prize Fight, The” (1863)

“Great Revolution in Pitcairn, The” (1879)

Greeley, Horace (1811–1872)

Hadleyburg

Hall, Fred

Halley's Comet

Halliday, Jack

Hannibal, Missouri

Harper and Brothers

Harper's Magazine

Harris, George Washington (1814–1869)

Harris, Joel Chandler (1848–1908)

Harrison, Katharine I. (ca. 1867–1935)

Harte, Francis Bret[t] (1836–1902)

Hawaii

Hawaiian Gazette

Hawkins, Laura

“Hellfire Hotchkiss” (1967)

Heroism

Hirst, Robert H. (1941–)

History

Hoax

Holmes, Oliver Wendell (1809–1894)

Holmes, Sherlock

“Holy Children, The” (1972)

Holy Land, The

Homes and Literary Sites

Hooker, Isabella Beecher (1822–1907)

Hooker, John (1816–1901)

“Horse's Tale, A” (1906)

Hotten, John Camden (1832–1873)

“How I Edited an Agricultural Paper Once” (1870)

“How to Tell a Story” (1895)

Howells, William Dean (1837–1920)

“Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer Among the Indians” (1969)

Human Nature

Humor

Illustrators

Imagery

Imperialism

Impersonators

“In Defense of Harriet Shelley” (1894)

India

Indians

“Indiantown” (1967)

Ingersoll, Robert Green (1833–1899)

Innocence

Innocents Abroad, The (1869)

“International Lightning Trust: A Kind of Love Story, The” (1972)

Interviews

“Invalid's Story, The” (1882)

Ireland, Irish, Irishmen

“Is He Living or Is He Dead?” (1893)

Is Shakespeare Dead? (1909)

Italy

Jackass Hill

Jackson's Island

James, Henry (1843–1916)

James, William (1842–1910)

Jamestown, Tennessee

Jerusalem

Jews

Jim

“Jim Baker's Blue Jay Yarn” (1880)

“Jim Blaine and His Grandfather's Ram” (1872)

“Jim Wolf and the Cats” (1867)

Joan of Arc (1412?–1431)

Joe, Injun

Johnson, John Moorman (1804–1866)

Journalism

“Journalism in Tennessee” (1869)

Journals

Keller, Helen Adams (1880–1968)

Kellgren, Jonas Henrik (1837–1916)

Kennan, George (1845–1924)

Keokuk, Iowa

Keokuk (Iowa) Gate City

King, Grace (1852–1932)

King Leopold's Soliloquy (1905)

Kingsley, Charles (1819–1875)

Kipling, (Joseph) Rudyard (1865–1936)

Labor

Lambton Family of Durham

Lampton, James J. (1817–1887)

Landon, Melville D. (1839–1910)

Lang, Andrew (1844–1912)

Langdon, Charles (1849–1916)

Langdon, Jervis (1809–1870)

Langdon, Olivia Lewis (1810–1890)

Language

Law

Leary, Katy (1856–1934)

Leathers, Jesse M. (1846–1887)

Lecky, William Edward Hartpole (1838–1903)

Lecturer

Legacy

“Legend of the Capitoline Venus, The” (1869)

Leopold II, King of the Belgians (1835–1909)

“Letter from the Recording Angel” (1946)

Letters from the Earth (1962)

Letters from the Sandwich Islands (1866)

Letters of Quintus Curtius Snodgrass, The (1946)

“Letters to the Muscatine Journal” (1853–1855)

Lewis, John T. (1835–1906)

Life on the Mississippi (1883)

Literary Comedians

“Little Bessie” (1972)

Local Color

Loftus, Mrs.

Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth (1897–1882)

“Loves of Alonzo Fitz Clarence and Rosannah Ethelton, The” (1878)

Lowell, James Russell (1819–1891)

“Lowest Animal, The” (1962)

“Luck” (1891)

“Lucretia Smith's Soldier” (1864)

Lyon, Isabel (1863–1958)

Macaulay, Thomas Babington, Lord (1800–1859)

McDougal's Cave

Macfarlane

Machiavelli, Niccolò (1469–1527)

McWilliams, Mortimer and Caroline (Evangeline)

“McWilliamses and the Burglar Alarm, The” (1882)

Malory, Sir Thomas (1400?–1471)

“Mammoth Cod, The” (written ca. 1902)

“Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg, The” (1899)

“Man Who Put Up at Gadsby's, The” (1880)

Manuscript Collections

“Marjorie Fleming, the Wonder Child” (1909)

Mark Twain Boyhood Home

Mark Twain Circle of America

Mark Twain Company (1908–)

Mark Twain Papers (1910–)

Mark Twain Project (1980–)

Mark Twain Research Foundation (1939–)

Mark Twain's Study

Mark Twain's Travels with Mr. Brown (1940)

Matthews, J. Brander (1852–1929)

Media Interpretations of Mark Twain's Life and Works

“Medieval Romance, A” (1870)

Medievalism

Meine, Franklin J. (1896–1968)

Meisterschaft (1888)

Melodrama

“Memorable Midnight Experience, A” (1874)

Memphis, Tennessee

“Mental Telegraphy” (1891) and “Mental Telegraphy Again” (1895)

Mental Telepathy/Extrasensory Perception

Merlin

“Mexican Plug, The” (1872)

Millet, Francis Davis (1846–1912)

“£1,000,000 Bank-Note, The” (1893)

Miscegenation

Missionaries

Mississippi River

Moffett, Pamela (1827–1904)

Monday Evening Club of Hartford

“Monument to Adam, A” (1905)

Moore, Julia A. (1847–1920)

Morgan, Hank

Mormons

“Mrs. McWilliams and the Lightning” (1880)

“Murder, a Mystery, and a Marriage, A”

Muscatine, Iowa

Music

“My Boyhood Dreams” (1900)

“My Debut as a Literary Person” (1889)

“My First Lie, and How I Got Out of It” (1899)

“My Platonic Sweetheart” (1912)

Mysterious Stranger, The (1916)

Napoleon, Arkansas

Naturalism

Nevada

New Orleans, Louisiana

New York, New York

New York Saturday Press

New Zealand

Newspapers

Nook Farm

North American Review

Notebooks and Journals

Novel

Nye, Bill (1850–1896)

Nye, Emma (1846–1870)

Occult

“Old Times on the Mississippi” (1875)

Ollendorff and Mr. Ballou

“Open Letter to the American People, An” (1866)

Orality

Osgood, James Ripley (1836–1892)

Page, Thomas Nelson (1853–1922)

Paige, James W.

Paige Typesetting Machine

Paine, Albert Bigelow (1861–1937)

Paine, Thomas (1737–1809)

Pall Mall, Tennessee

Paris, France

Park Church, The

Parker, Edwin P. (1836–1920)

Pastoralism

Pepys, Samuel (1633–1703)

Personal Memoirs of U.S. Grant (1885)

Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc (1896)

“Petrified Man, The” (1862)

Phelps, Elizabeth Stuart (Ward) (1844–1911)

Phelps, Silas

Philosophy

Photographs

Phrenology

Picaresque

Pilgrims

Piloting

Pinkerton, Allan (1819–1884)

Plasmon

“Playing Courier” (1891)

Point of View

“Political Economy” (1870)

Politics

Polly, Aunt

Pond, James (1838–1903)

Potter, Muff

Prime, William C. (1825–1905)

Prince and the Pauper: A Tale for Young People of All Ages, The (1882)

Profanity

“Professor's Yarn, The” (1883)

Providence

Pudd'nhead Wilson, The Tragedy of (1894)

Punch, Brothers, Punch! (1878)

Putnam & Sons, G.P.

Quaker City

Quarles, John Adams (1801–1876)

Quarles Farm

Quarry Farm

“Queen Victoria's Jubilee” (1897)

Rabelais, François (1494?–1553)

Rachel, Aunt

Racial Attitudes

Raftsmen's Passage, The (in Huckleberry Finn)

Ragsdale, Bill

Rare Books

Raymond, John T. (1836–1887)

Reading

Realism

Redpath, James (1833–1891)

“Reflections on Religion” (1963)

“Refuge of the Derelicts, The” (1972)

Regionalism

Reid, Whitelaw (1837–1912)

Religion

Representation

Rhetorical Forms

Rhodes, Cecil (1853–1902)

Richards, Edward and Mary

“Riley—Newspaper Correspondent” (1870)

Riverdale, New York

Rogers, Ben and Billy

Rogers, Henry Huttleston (1840–1909)

Roughing It (1872)

Routledge and Sons, George

Roxana

“Royal Nonesuch, The”

Russia

St. Louis, Missouri

St. Petersburg

“Salutation Speech from the Nineteenth Century to the Twentieth, A” (1900)

Samossoud, Clara Clemens (1874–1962)

San Andreas Independent

San Francisco, California

San Francisco Alta California

San Francisco Call

Sandy

Sanitary Commission

Satire

Sawyer, Sid

Sawyer, Tom

Scatology

Scholarship, Trends in Mark Twain

Schultz, Christian, Jr. (1770?–1814?)

Science

Scott, Walter (1771–1832)

“Second Advent, The” (1972)

Sellers, Colonel

Sentimentality

Sexuality

Shakespeare, William (1564–1616)

Shaw, George Bernard (1856–1950)

Shelley, Harriet (1795–1816)

Shelley, Mary Godwin (1797–1851)

“Shem's Diary”

Shepherdson Family

Sherburn, Colonel

Sherman, William Tecumseh (1820–1891)

Short Story

“Singular Episode, A” (1970)

1601 (written 1876)

Sketches, New and Old (1875)

Slade, Joseph A. (“Jack”) (ca. 1842–1864)

Slavery

Slote, Daniel (d. 1882)

Smarr, Sam (d. 1845)

Smiley, Jim

Smith, Henry Nash (1906–1986)

Smoking

Smythe, Carlyle and R.S.

Snodgrass, Quintus Curtius

Snodgrass, Thomas Jefferson

Social Philosophy

Social Reform

“Sold to Satan” (1923)

“Some Learned Fables for Good Old Boys and Girls” (1875)

“Some Rambling Notes of an Idle Excursion” (1877–1878)

“Some Thoughts on the Science of Onanism”

South, Mark Twain and the

Southwestern Humor (ca. 1830–ca. 1860)

Spanish-American War, The (April–August 1898)