ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION Individualized assessment and treatment are necessary before performing botulinum toxin injection for cosmetic use because there is signicant variability among individuals in terms of facial shape and aesthetic needs. Dosages and injection points should be dierentiated on the individual’s muscle activity, pattern of muscle shape, and judgment of what is aesthetically appropriate in the context of the individual’s overall facial shape and aesthetic needs. In such context, physicians should take a dierent approach when performing BoNT-A injection for Asians because there are marked ethnic dierences between Asians and Caucasians. However, most publications have focused exclusively on Caucasian subjects. is chapter covers the ethnic dierences between Asians and Caucasians for the aesthetic use of BoNT-A in terms of anatomy, appropriate dose, injection points, indications of BoNT-A, and aesthetic needs, thereby providing some practical guidelines for the aesthetic use of BoNT-A in Asians. However, Asia is a huge continent and Asians are not a uniform population. erefore, this chapter does not cover ethnicities from Indian and Arab nations although these groups are oen considered to be Asian in terms of their geographic location. Instead, this chapter mainly focuses on characteristics of East Asians and Southeast Asians.
