ABSTRACT
Rhinosinusitis of less than 12 weeks with complete resolution of symptoms is termed acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) developing at or after 12 weeks of symptoms without complete resolution. There are many exacerbating factors, which can cause or influence the severity of rhinosinusitis. These include: asthma, aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), cystic fibrosis and immunodeficiency. The diagnosis of both ARS and CRS depends on an accurate history and clinical examination of the patient. Whilst nasal endoscopy and computed tomography (CT) scanning are critical in confirming the diagnosis, these are usually only available through an ENT specialist or allergist. The optic nerve can be damaged due to intra-orbital haematoma or direct injury from within the posterior ethmoid or sphenoid. If injury to the optic nerve is suspected during a surgical procedure, steroids should be given and an urgent ophthalmological consultation should be obtained as soon as possible.
