ABSTRACT
Chapter 10 argues, on a general level, that: (a) improved extension services; and (b) increased integration of smallholders into the market are necessary to achieve sustainable agricultural intensification that climate change clearly necessitates. Elements include: (a) focus on innovative extension models; whereas in: (b) the emphasis was on public–private partnerships, integrated value chains, and farmer markets. The chapter provides a brief history of development of Extension Services and some successful models and their associated institutions and mechanisms. The authors note that models must be flexible and tailored towards specific conditions, including the agroecological environments, crops or products and end users, markets and investments. It further reviews the importance of market services that can help smallholders to realize better incomes. The chapter concludes that smallholder agriculture will succeed only when it is aligned with market demands and providing opportunities for farmers to earn more income.
