ABSTRACT
Large-scale vortical motions in open-channel flows consist of many kolk-boil vortices. Kolk-boil vortices are a ubiquitous form of turbulence in rivers and estuaries; they can have a variety of magnitudes and strengths, depending on the flow and the bedform. They can be sub-divided into three kinds on the basis of their different mechanisms of generation, Table 7.1.
