ABSTRACT
Lighting energy conservation measures (ECMs) or energy conservation opportunities (ECOs) are measures or opportunities known from actual practice to save lighting energy and reduce electric bills. The ECMs listed are suggested possibilities for upgrading lighting to save energy. These measures should not be applied without careful evaluation to determine whether the measure is appropriate for specific applications. The issue of payback invariably arises in conjunction with a discussion of ECMs. In order for an ECM to receive consideration, it must have a payback during its lifetime. Payback is a simplified way of determining how long it will take for an ECM to pay back and is calculated by dividing the cost of the ECM by the annual savings generated by the ECM. There is a linear relationship between the cost of an ECM and its persistence. Persistence is used in demand-side management language and means how long a measure will last or how effective it will be in reducing energy.
